# vagrant + pyenv + pipenv + postgres
# Host端開發機
開發機本身作業系統為： Mac OS X
brew install pyenv
brew upgrade pyenv
brew upgrade pyenv
==> Upgrading 1 outdated package:
pyenv 1.2.10 -> 1.2.11
==> Upgrading pyenv
==> Installing dependencies for pyenv: readline
==> Installing pyenv dependency: readline
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/readline-8.0.0_1.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring readline-8.0.0_1.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
readline is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS provides the BSD libedit library, which shadows libreadline.
In order to prevent conflicts when programs look for libreadline we are
defaulting this GNU Readline installation to keg-only.
For compilers to find readline you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/readline/include"
For pkg-config to find readline you may need to set:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/readline/lib/pkgconfig"
==> Summary
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/readline/8.0.0_1: 48 files, 1.5MB
==> Installing pyenv
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/pyenv-1.2.11.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring pyenv-1.2.11.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/pyenv/1.2.11: 643 files, 2.4MB
==> Caveats
==> readline
readline is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS provides the BSD libedit library, which shadows libreadline.
In order to prevent conflicts when programs look for libreadline we are
defaulting this GNU Readline installation to keg-only.
For compilers to find readline you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/readline/include"
For pkg-config to find readline you may need to set:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/readline/lib/pkgconfig"
完成 pyenv 安裝後，會產生目錄 ~/.pyenv
$ tree -L 1 ~/.pyenv
/Users/alanjui/.pyenv
├── shims
└── versions
$ tree -L 2 ~/.pyenv
/Users/alanjui/.pyenv
├── shims
│ ├── 2to3
│ ├── 2to3-3.6
│ ├── 2to3-3.7
│ ├── easy_install
│ ├── easy_install-3.6
│ ├── easy_install-3.7
│ ├── idle
│ ├── idle3
│ ├── idle3.6
│ ├── idle3.7
│ ├── pip
│ ├── pip3
│ ├── pip3.6
│ ├── pip3.7
│ ├── pydoc
│ ├── pydoc3
│ ├── pydoc3.6
│ ├── pydoc3.7
│ ├── python
│ ├── python-config
│ ├── python3
│ ├── python3-config
│ ├── python3.6
│ ├── python3.6-config
│ ├── python3.6-gdb.py
│ ├── python3.6m
│ ├── python3.6m-config
│ ├── python3.7
│ ├── python3.7-config
│ ├── python3.7-gdb.py
│ ├── python3.7m
│ ├── python3.7m-config
│ ├── pyvenv
│ ├── pyvenv-3.6
│ └── pyvenv-3.7
└── versions
├── 3.6.8
└── 3.7.3
pyenv install 3.8.5
$ pyenv versions
* system (set by /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/version)
3.6.8
3.7.3
$ pyenv version
system (set by /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/version)
$ pyenv global 3.7.3
$ pyenv version
3.7.3 (set by /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/version)
$ python --version
Python 2.7.15
$ python3 --version
Python 3.7.3
$ pyenv which python
$ pip install pipenv
# Guest端虛擬機
啟動虛擬機
（1）在開發機使用 Terminal App 執行以下指令：
$ vagrant up
$ vagrant ssh
（2）執行「安裝 pipenv 作業」。
（3）執行「安裝 Postgres 作業」。
（4）執行「驗證資料庫系統已備妥」。
（5）啟動虛擬機的伺服器。
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE="web_site.settings.prod" ./manage.py collectstatic
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE="web_site.settings.prod" ./manage.py createsuperuserv
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE="web_site.settings.prod" ./manage.py runserver 0:8000
# 安裝 Postgres 作業
安裝 Postgres DB 資料庫系統，及進行：使用者、資料庫設定。
$ sudo apt install postgresql postgresql-contrib
$ sudo -u postgres createuser django2_helloworld -P
-P 表 Password，當要求輸入 password 時，輸入： Passw0rd 。
$ sudo -u postgres createdb django2_helloworld_db -O django2_helloworld
# 安裝 postcopg2 作業
安裝 python 套件，以便 Django Framework 可存取 Postgres DB 資料庫。
$ sudo apt install python3-dev python3-psycopg2 libpq-dev
$ pip3 install psycopg2
修訂 web_site/settings/prod.py 設定：
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': 'django2_helloworld_db',
'USER': 'django2_helloworld',
'PASSWORD': 'Passw0rd',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '5432',
}
}
DATABASE_URL = 'postgres://django2_helloworld:Passw0rd@localhost:5432/django2_hellowrold_db'
# 驗證資料庫系統已備妥
$ DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=web_site.settings.prod ./manage.py migrate
$ sudo -u postgres psql django2_helloworld_db
# 安裝 pipenv 作業
$ pip install --upgrade pip
$ pyenv versions
$ cd <ProjectRootDir>
$ pyenv local 3.7.3
$ python --version
$ pip install -U pipenv
$ pipenv --version
參考資訊：
$ which pipenv
/Users/alanjui/.pyenv/shims/pipenv
ll ~/.pyenv/shims/pipenv*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 alanjui staff 417B 4 29 22:04 /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/shims/pipenv
-rwxr-xr-x 1 alanjui staff 417B 4 29 22:04 /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/shims/pipenv-resolver
# 啟動虛擬環境
~/.bashrc
export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin"
if command -v pyenv 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
fi
# Create VirtualEnvironment directory under Django Project Root
export PIPENV_VENV_IN_PROJECT="enabled"
$ source ~/.bashrc
$ python --version
若版本不是 3.7.3 ，則需先執行指令： pyenv local 3.7.3
$ pipenv install
$ pipenv shell
$ pipenv install django==2.2
# nginx
/etc/nginx/site-available/django_app
server {
listen 80 default_server;
# listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
# root /var/www/html;
root /home/vagrant/workspace/django_app;
# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:3031;
}
}
$ sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/site-available/django_app /etc/nginx/site-enabled/
# uwsgi
製作 uwsgi 執行檔
sudo apt install build-essential python-dev
$ cd ~/tmp
$ wget http://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-latest.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf uwsgi-latest.tar.gz
$ cd <dir>
$ make
$ sudo cp uwsgi /usr/bin
$ sudo chown root:root /usr/bin/uwsgi
$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/uwsgi
$ uwsgi --http :3031 --home /home/vagrant/workspace/django_app/.venv/ --chdir /home/vagrant/workspace/django_app/ -w web_site.wsgi
使用瀏覽器觀察網址： http://127.0.0.1:3031/ ，驗證 uwsgi 已能正常運作。
$ sudo uwsgi --socket /run/uwsgi/django_app.sock --home /home/vagrant/workspace/django_app/.venv/ --chdir /home/vagrant/workspace/django_app/ --module web_site.wsgi --chmod-socket=664 --uid www-data --gid www-data
使用 Ctrl + C 結束 uwsgi 。
建立 uwsgi 執行設定檔
vagrant@linux:~$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/uwsgi/sites-available
vagrant@linux:~$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/uwsgi/sites-enabled
vagrant@linux:~$ sudo chown -R vagrant:www-data /etc/uwsgi/
vagrant@linux:~$ ll /etc/uwsgi/
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 4 vagrant www-data 4096 May 2 00:56 ./
drwxr-xr-x 129 root root 12288 May 2 00:56 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 vagrant www-data 4096 May 2 01:01 sites-available/
drwxr-xr-x 2 vagrant www-data 4096 May 2 01:04 sites-enabled/
$ sudo nano /etc/uwsgi/sites-available/django_app.ini
django_app.ini
[uwsgi]
uid = www-data
gid = www-data
project = django_app
site = web_site
base = /home/vagrant/workspace/%(project)
#========================
# Django-related settings
#========================
chdir = %(base)
home = %(base)/.venv
# Django's wsgi file
module = web_site.wsgi
#===============================
# uwsgi process-related settings
#===============================
# master mode
master = true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes = 4
# the socket (use the full path to be safe)
# socket = 127.0.0.1:3031
# socket = %(base)/%(project).socket
socket = /run/uwsgi/%(project).sock
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
# chown-socket = %(uid):%(gid)
chmod-socket = 664
# clear environment on exit
vacuum = true
# others......
stats = 127.0.0.1:9191
vagrant@linux:~$ sudo ln -s /etc/uwsgi/sites-available/django_app.ini /etc/uwsgi/sites-enabled/
vagrant@linux:~$ ll /etc/uwsgi/sites-enabled/
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 2 01:04 ./
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 May 2 00:56 ../
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 41 May 2 01:04 django_app.ini -> /etc/uwsgi/sites-available/django_app.ini
設定 socket 目錄
$ sudo mkdir -p /run/uwsgi
$ sudo chown -R vagrant:vagrant /run/uwsgi
$ sudo chmod -R 660 /run/uwsgi
驗證 uwsgi 設定檔
$ uwsgi --http :3031 --ini /etc/uwsgi/sites-enabled/django_app.ini
# 系統層級 uwsgi
$ sudo ln -s /home/vagrant/workspace/django_app/django_app.ini /etc/uwsgi/sites-enabled/
$ sudo uwsgi /etc/uwsgi/sites-enabled/django_app.ini --uid www-data --gid www-data
[uWSGI] getting INI configuration from /etc/uwsgi/sites-enabled/django_app.ini
*** Starting uWSGI 2.0.18 (64bit) on [Thu May 2 08:14:14 2019] ***
compiled with version: 7.3.0 on 30 April 2019 14:10:59
os: Linux-4.15.0-47-generic #50-Ubuntu SMP Wed Mar 13 10:44:52 UTC 2019
nodename: linux
machine: x86_64
clock source: unix
detected number of CPU cores: 3
current working directory: /home/vagrant/workspace/django_app
detected binary path: /usr/bin/uwsgi
!!! no internal routing support, rebuild with pcre support !!!
setgid() to 33
setuid() to 33
chdir() to /home/vagrant/workspace/django_app
your processes number limit is 11835
your memory page size is 4096 bytes
detected max file descriptor number: 1024
lock engine: pthread robust mutexes
thunder lock: disabled (you can enable it with --thunder-lock)
uwsgi socket 0 bound to UNIX address /home/vagrant/workspace/django_app/django_app.socket fd 3
Python version: 3.7.3 (default, Apr 29 2019, 15:06:56) [GCC 7.3.0]
Set PythonHome to /home/vagrant/workspace/django_app/.venv
*** Python threads support is disabled. You can enable it with --enable-threads ***
Python main interpreter initialized at 0x56172a70efc0
your server socket listen backlog is limited to 100 connections
your mercy for graceful operations on workers is 60 seconds
mapped 802120 bytes (783 KB) for 10 cores
*** Operational MODE: preforking ***
WSGI app 0 (mountpoint='') ready in 0 seconds on interpreter 0x56172a70efc0 pid: 11247 (default app)
*** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode ***
spawned uWSGI master process (pid: 11247)
spawned uWSGI worker 1 (pid: 11248, cores: 1)
spawned uWSGI worker 2 (pid: 11249, cores: 1)
spawned uWSGI worker 3 (pid: 11250, cores: 1)
spawned uWSGI worker 4 (pid: 11251, cores: 1)
spawned uWSGI worker 5 (pid: 11252, cores: 1)
spawned uWSGI worker 6 (pid: 11253, cores: 1)
spawned uWSGI worker 7 (pid: 11254, cores: 1)
spawned uWSGI worker 8 (pid: 11255, cores: 1)
spawned uWSGI worker 9 (pid: 11256, cores: 1)
spawned uWSGI worker 10 (pid: 11257, cores: 1)
*** Stats server enabled on 127.0.0.1:9191 fd: 27 ***
# 設定開機自動啟動 uwsgi 功能
$ sudo usermod -a -G www-data vagrant
$ sudo cp -R /home/vagrant/workspace/django_app /var/www/
$ sudo nano /etc/uwsgi/sites-available/django_app.ini
django_app.ini：
[uwsgi]
uid = root
gid = root
project = django_app
site = web_site
base = /var/www/%(project)
# chdir = /var/www/django_app
chdir = %(base)
# home = /var/www/django_app/.venv
home = %(base)/.venv
wsgi-file = web_site/wsgi.py
master = true
processes = 4
threads = 2
# socket = 127.0.0.1:3031
socket = /run/uwsgi/%(project).socket
chown-socket = %(uid):%(gid)
chmod-socket = 660
stats = 127.0.0.1:9191
vacuum = true
$ sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/django_app
django_app：
server {
listen 80 default_server;
# listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name localhost;
# root /var/www/html;
root /var/www/django_app;
# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
location = /favicon.ico {
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
}
location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
include uwsgi_params;
# uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:3031;
uwsgi_pass unix:///run/uwsgi/django_app.socket;
}
location /static {
root /var/www/django_app/static;
}
}
透過 systemd ，令 uwsgi 成為開機後便會自動啟動的 service 。
$ sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/uwsgi.service
uwsgi.service：
[Unit]
Description=uWSGI Emperor service
[Service]
ExecStartPre=/bin/bash -c 'mkdir -p /run/uwsgi; chown root:root /run/uwsgi'
ExecStart=/usr/bin/uwsgi --emperor /etc/uwsgi/sites-enabled
Restart=always
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
Type=notify
NotifyAccess=all
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
$ sudo systemctl enable uwsgi
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/uwsgi.service → /etc/systemd/system/uwsgi.service.
$ sudo service uwsgi status
● uwsgi.service - uWSGI Emperor service
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/uwsgi.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
$ sudo service uwsgi start
$ sudo service uwsgi status
● uwsgi.service - uWSGI Emperor service
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/uwsgi.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-05-02 05:21:15 UTC; 1min 6s ago
Process: 7972 ExecStartPre=/bin/bash -c mkdir -p /run/uwsgi; chown root:root /run/uwsgi (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 7975 (uwsgi)
Status: "The Emperor is governing 1 vassals"
Tasks: 10 (limit: 3550)
CGroup: /system.slice/uwsgi.service
├─7975 /usr/bin/uwsgi --emperor /etc/uwsgi/sites-enabled
├─7976 /usr/bin/uwsgi --ini django_app.ini
├─7977 /usr/bin/uwsgi --ini django_app.ini
├─7978 /usr/bin/uwsgi --ini django_app.ini
├─7980 /usr/bin/uwsgi --ini django_app.ini
└─7981 /usr/bin/uwsgi --ini django_app.ini
May 02 05:21:16 linux uwsgi[7975]: *** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) ***
May 02 05:21:16 linux uwsgi[7975]: *** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode ***
May 02 05:21:16 linux uwsgi[7975]: spawned uWSGI master process (pid: 7976)
May 02 05:21:16 linux uwsgi[7975]: Thu May 2 05:21:16 2019 - [emperor] vassal django_app.ini has been spawned
May 02 05:21:16 linux uwsgi[7975]: spawned uWSGI worker 1 (pid: 7977, cores: 2)
May 02 05:21:16 linux uwsgi[7975]: spawned uWSGI worker 2 (pid: 7978, cores: 2)
May 02 05:21:16 linux uwsgi[7975]: Thu May 2 05:21:16 2019 - [emperor] vassal django_app.ini is ready to accept requests
May 02 05:21:16 linux uwsgi[7975]: spawned uWSGI worker 3 (pid: 7980, cores: 2)
May 02 05:21:16 linux uwsgi[7975]: spawned uWSGI worker 4 (pid: 7981, cores: 2)
May 02 05:21:16 linux uwsgi[7975]: *** Stats server enabled on 127.0.0.1:9191 fd: 16 ***
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
# Ref
https://hackernoon.com/reaching-python-development-nirvana-bb5692adf30c
https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/common-build-problems