# pyenv 與 django
- 使用 pyenv 管理 python 各版本
- 使用 pyenv-virtualenv 管理 python 之「虛擬環境」
# 安裝與設定
- pyenv: https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv
- pyenv-virtualenv: https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv
# 建立專案可共用之虛擬環境
# 建立各用型虛擬環境
$ pyenv virtualenv 3.7.3 my-venv-3.7.3
$ pyenv versions
system
2.7.11
2.7.11/envs/neovim2
3.4.3
3.7.3
3.7.3/envs/neovim3
3.7.3/envs/venv37
neovim2
* neovim3 (set by /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/version)
venv37
$ pyenv virtualenv 3.7.3 my-venv-3.7.3
Looking in links: /var/folders/gs/vqlstcf17cd17k6c4722bxyr0000gn/T/tmpq8d3s52r
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3/envs/my-venv-3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages (40.8.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pip in /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3/envs/my-venv-3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages (19.0.3)
$ pyenv versions
system
2.7.11
2.7.11/envs/neovim2
3.4.3
3.7.3
3.7.3/envs/my-venv-3.7.3
3.7.3/envs/neovim3
3.7.3/envs/venv37
my-venv-3.7.3
neovim2
* neovim3 (set by /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/version)
venv37
$ ll /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3/envs/my-venv-3.7.3
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 14 alanjui staff 448B 6 22 17:56 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 alanjui staff 64B 6 22 17:56 include
drwxr-xr-x 3 alanjui staff 96B 6 22 17:56 lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui staff 101B 6 22 17:56 pyvenv.cfg
ll /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3/envs/my-venv-3.7.3/bin
total 72
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui staff 2.2K 6 22 17:56 activate
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui staff 1.3K 6 22 17:56 activate.csh
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui staff 2.4K 6 22 17:56 activate.fish
-rwxr-xr-x 1 alanjui staff 286B 6 22 17:56 easy_install
-rwxr-xr-x 1 alanjui staff 286B 6 22 17:56 easy_install-3.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 alanjui staff 268B 6 22 17:56 pip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 alanjui staff 268B 6 22 17:56 pip3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 alanjui staff 268B 6 22 17:56 pip3.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 alanjui staff 127B 6 22 17:56 pydoc
lrwxr-xr-x 1 alanjui staff 9B 6 22 17:56 python -> python3.7
lrwxr-xr-x 1 alanjui staff 9B 6 22 17:56 python3 -> python3.7
lrwxr-xr-x 1 alanjui staff 50B 6 22 17:56 python3.7 -> /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3/bin/python3.7
$ ll /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3/envs/my-venv-3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 3 alanjui staff 96B 6 22 17:56 __pycache__
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui staff 126B 6 22 17:56 easy_install.py
drwxr-xr-x 7 alanjui staff 224B 6 22 17:56 pip
drwxr-xr-x 9 alanjui staff 288B 6 22 17:56 pip-19.0.3.dist-info
drwxr-xr-x 7 alanjui staff 224B 6 22 17:56 pkg_resources
drwxr-xr-x 42 alanjui staff 1.3K 6 22 17:56 setuptools
drwxr-xr-x 11 alanjui staff 352B 6 22 17:56 setuptools-40.8.0.dist-info
# 查看作業系統中已建之虛擬環境
$ pyenv shell my-venv-3.7.3
$ (my-venv-3.7.3)$ pyenv virtualenvs
2.7.11/envs/neovim2 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11)
3.7.3/envs/my-venv-3.7.3 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
3.7.3/envs/neovim3 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
3.7.3/envs/venv37 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
* my-venv-3.7.3 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
neovim2 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11)
neovim3 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
venv37 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
# 啟用與停用虛擬環境
$ pyenv activate <name>
$ pyenv deactivate
# 安裝 pipenv
$ pyenv activate my-venv-3.7.3
$ pip install pipenv
Collecting pipenv
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/13/b4/3ffa55f77161cff9a5220f162670f7c5eb00df52e00939e203f601b0f579/pipenv-2018.11.26-py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=36.2.1 in /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3/envs/my-venv-3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from pipenv) (40.8.0)
Collecting certifi (from pipenv)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/69/1b/b853c7a9d4f6a6d00749e94eb6f3a041e342a885b87340b79c1ef73e3a78/certifi-2019.6.16-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting virtualenv (from pipenv)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/9a/a3f62ac5122a65dec34ad4b5ed8d802633dae4bc06a0fc62e55fe3e96fe1/virtualenv-16.6.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: pip>=9.0.1 in /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3/envs/my-venv-3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from pipenv) (19.0.3)
Collecting virtualenv-clone>=0.2.5 (from pipenv)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ba/f8/50c2b7dbc99e05fce5e5b9d9a31f37c988c99acd4e8dedd720b7b8d4011d/virtualenv_clone-0.5.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: certifi, virtualenv, virtualenv-clone, pipenv
Successfully installed certifi-2019.6.16 pipenv-2018.11.26 virtualenv-16.6.1 virtualenv-clone-0.5.3
You are using pip version 19.0.3, however version 19.1.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
$ ll ~/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3/envs/my-venv-3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages
total 240
drwxr-xr-x 5 alanjui staff 160B 6 22 18:18 __pycache__
drwxr-xr-x 7 alanjui staff 224B 6 22 18:18 certifi
drwxr-xr-x 10 alanjui staff 320B 6 22 18:18 certifi-2019.6.16.dist-info
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui staff 10K 6 22 18:18 clonevirtualenv.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui staff 126B 6 22 17:56 easy_install.py
drwxr-xr-x 7 alanjui staff 224B 6 22 17:56 pip
drwxr-xr-x 9 alanjui staff 288B 6 22 17:56 pip-19.0.3.dist-info
drwxr-xr-x 24 alanjui staff 768B 6 22 18:19 pipenv
drwxr-xr-x 9 alanjui staff 288B 6 22 18:19 pipenv-2018.11.26.dist-info
drwxr-xr-x 7 alanjui staff 224B 6 22 17:56 pkg_resources
drwxr-xr-x 42 alanjui staff 1.3K 6 22 17:56 setuptools
drwxr-xr-x 11 alanjui staff 352B 6 22 17:56 setuptools-40.8.0.dist-info
drwxr-xr-x 10 alanjui staff 320B 6 22 18:18 virtualenv-16.6.1.dist-info
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui staff 103K 6 22 18:18 virtualenv.py
drwxr-xr-x 9 alanjui staff 288B 6 22 18:18 virtualenv_clone-0.5.3.dist-info
drwxr-xr-x 7 alanjui staff 224B 6 22 18:18 virtualenv_support
$ pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5c/e0/be401c003291b56efc55aeba6a80ab790d3d4cece2778288d65323009420/pip-19.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pip
Found existing installation: pip 19.0.3
Uninstalling pip-19.0.3:
Successfully uninstalled pip-19.0.3
Successfully installed pip-19.1.1
$ pyenv deactivate
# 建立專案目錄
進入 workspace 根目錄：
$ pwd
/Users/alanjui/workspace/Python
建立專案目錄：
$ pyenv virtualenvs
2.7.11/envs/neovim2 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11)
3.7.3/envs/my-venv-3.7.3 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
3.7.3/envs/neovim3 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
3.7.3/envs/venv37 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
my-venv-3.7.3 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
neovim2 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11)
* neovim3 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
venv37 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
$ pyenv activate my-venv-3.7.3
(my-venv-3.7.3)$ ls -al
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 alanjui staff 64 6 22 20:51 .
drwxr-xr-x 7 alanjui staff 224 6 22 20:51 ..
# 建立專案用虛擬環境
$ unset PIPENV_VENV_IN_PROJECT
(my-venv-3.7.3)$ pipenv --python 3.7
Courtesy Notice: Pipenv found itself running within a virtual environment, so it will automatically use that environment, instead of creating its own for any project. You can set PIPENV_IGNORE_VIRTUALENVS=1 to force pipenv to ignore that environment and create its own instead. You can set PIPENV_VERBOSITY=-1 to suppress this warning.
Creating a Pipfile for this project…
(my-venv-3.7.3)$ ls -al
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 3 alanjui staff 96 6 22 20:54 .
drwxr-xr-x 7 alanjui staff 224 6 22 20:51 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui staff 138 6 22 20:54 Pipfile
$ cat Pipfile
[[source]]
name = "pypi"
url = "https://pypi.org/simple"
verify_ssl = true
[dev-packages]
[packages]
[requires]
python_version = "3.7"
# 安裝 django
$ pipenv install django
Courtesy Notice: Pipenv found itself running within a virtual environment, so it will automatically use that environment, instead of creating its own for any project. You can set PIPENV_IGNORE_VIRTUALENVS=1 to force pipenv to ignore that environment and create its own instead. You can set PIPENV_VERBOSITY=-1 to suppress this warning.
Installing django…
Adding django to Pipfile's [packages]…
✔ Installation Succeeded
Pipfile.lock not found, creating…
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…
Locking [packages] dependencies…
✔ Success!
Updated Pipfile.lock (4f9dd2)!
Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (4f9dd2)…
🐍 ▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉ 3/3 — 00:00:00
# 啟用專案的虛擬環境
(my-venv-3.7.3)$ pipenv shell
Shell for /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3/envs/my-venv-3.7.3 already activated.
No action taken to avoid nested environments.
【註】：下例為：「專案自有虛擬環境目錄」時的結果⋯⋯
~/workspace/Python/django_app$ pipenv shell
Launching subshell in virtual environment…
. /Users/alanjui/workspace/Python/django_app/.venv/bin/activate
~/workspace/Python/django_app$ . /Users/alanjui/workspace/Python/django_app/.venv/bin/activate
(.venv) ~/workspace/Python/django_app$
# 建立 Django 專案目錄
建立專案目錄，命名為 web_site
$ django-admin startproject web_site .
驗證專案目錄已建立
$ ll
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui staff 151B 6 21 09:08 Pipfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui staff 1.3K 6 21 09:08 Pipfile.lock
-rwxr-xr-x 1 alanjui staff 628B 6 21 09:25 manage.py
drwxr-xr-x 6 alanjui staff 192B 6 21 09:25 web_site
$ tree web_site
web_site
├── __init__.py
├── settings.py
├── urls.py
└── wsgi.py
0 directories, 4 files
# 建立 App 目錄
$ ./mange.py startapp blog
$ ll
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui staff 11B 6 21 09:08 Pipfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui staff 1.3K 6 21 09:08 Pipfile.lock
drwxr-xr-x 9 alanjui staff 288B 6 21 09:31 blog
-rwxr-xr-x 1 alanjui staff 628B 6 21 09:25 manage.py
drwxr-xr-x 6 alanjui staff 192B 6 21 09:25 web_site
$ tree blog
blog
├── __init__.py
├── admin.py
├── apps.py
├── migrations
│ └── __init__.py
├── models.py
├── tests.py
└── views.py
1 directory, 7 files
# 參考
# 參考文件
https://docs.python-guide.org/dev/virtualenvs/
# 使用 python 建立虛擬環境
建立專案虛擬環境
$ python -m venv .venv
alanjui@SRV-01:~/workspace/python/django_001$ python -m venv .venv
alanjui@SRV-01:~/workspace/python/django_001$ ll
總計 24
drwxrwxr-x 3 alanjui alanjui 4096 6月 21 08:25 ./
drwxrwxr-x 5 alanjui alanjui 4096 6月 21 08:09 ../
-rw-rw-r-- 1 alanjui alanjui 151 6月 21 08:15 Pipfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui alanjui 1339 6月 21 08:15 Pipfile.lock
-rw-rw-r-- 1 alanjui alanjui 6 6月 21 08:12 .python-version
drwxrwxr-x 5 alanjui alanjui 4096 6月 21 08:25 .venv/
alanjui@SRV-01:~/workspace/python/django_001$ ll .venv/
總計 24
drwxrwxr-x 5 alanjui alanjui 4096 6月 21 08:25 ./
drwxrwxr-x 3 alanjui alanjui 4096 6月 21 08:25 ../
drwxrwxr-x 2 alanjui alanjui 4096 6月 21 08:25 bin/
drwxrwxr-x 2 alanjui alanjui 4096 6月 21 08:25 include/
drwxrwxr-x 3 alanjui alanjui 4096 6月 21 08:25 lib/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 alanjui alanjui 3 6月 21 08:25 lib64 -> lib/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 alanjui alanjui 101 6月 21 08:25 pyvenv.cfg
alanjui@SRV-01:~/workspace/python/django_001$ ll .venv/bin/
總計 40
drwxrwxr-x 2 alanjui alanjui 4096 6月 21 08:25 ./
drwxrwxr-x 5 alanjui alanjui 4096 6月 21 08:25 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui alanjui 2225 6月 21 08:25 activate
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui alanjui 1281 6月 21 08:25 activate.csh
-rw-r--r-- 1 alanjui alanjui 2433 6月 21 08:25 activate.fish
-rwxrwxr-x 1 alanjui alanjui 275 6月 21 08:25 easy_install*
-rwxrwxr-x 1 alanjui alanjui 275 6月 21 08:25 easy_install-3.7*
-rwxrwxr-x 1 alanjui alanjui 257 6月 21 08:25 pip*
-rwxrwxr-x 1 alanjui alanjui 257 6月 21 08:25 pip3*
-rwxrwxr-x 1 alanjui alanjui 257 6月 21 08:25 pip3.7*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 alanjui alanjui 47 6月 21 08:25 python -> /home/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/venv37/bin/python*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 alanjui alanjui 6 6月 21 08:25 python3 -> python*
# 建立系統層級虛擬環境
瀏覽已建立之虛擬環境
$ pyenv virtualenvs
2.7.11/envs/neovim2 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11)
3.7.3/envs/neovim3 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
3.7.3/envs/venv37 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
neovim2 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11)
* neovim3 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
建立 Python 3.7.3 專用的虛擬環境，命名為： venv37
$ pyenv virtualenv venv37
確認 venv37 虛擬環境已建立
$ pyenv virtualenvs
2.7.11/envs/neovim2 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11)
3.7.3/envs/neovim3 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
3.7.3/envs/venv37 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
neovim2 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/2.7.11)
* neovim3 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)
venv37 (created from /Users/alanjui/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3)